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基础版 || 第四讲
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基础
础
⑴ 顿号（、）：
顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英语中没有顿号，分割句中的并列成分多用逗号。如：
She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box.
⑵ 书名号（《》）：
英文没有书名号，书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示。如：
Hamlet / Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》
Winter‘s Tale / Winter‘s Tale
《冬天的童话》
The New York Times / The New York Times 《纽约时报》
⑶ 间隔号（•）：
汉语有间隔号，用在月份和日期、音译的名和姓等需要隔开的词语的正中间，如"一二•九"、"奥黛丽•赫本（人名）"等。英语中没有汉语的间隔号，如：William Wordsworth。
⒉
英语中某些标点符号汉语没有。
⑴ 撇号--Apostrophe（’）
⑵ 连字号--Hyphen（-）
⑶ 斜线号—Virgule or Slash（/）：
该符号主要起分割作用，
如It could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于标音，如bed /bed/。
⒊
某些符号在汉英两种语言中的形式不同。
⑴ 中文的句号是空心圈（。）
英文的句号是实心点（.）。
⑵ 英文的省略号是三个点（...），
位置在行底；
中文的为六个点（......），居于行中。
⑶ 英文的破折号是（-）
中文的是（--）
中国学生常见标点符号错误
(1) 顿号、书名号、句号、省略号错误。比较中英文标点符号可见,英文标点中没有中文形式的顿号、书名号、句号和省略号。而这四种标点符号成了大学英语写作中“借鉴频率较高的符号。如:
〔错误〕1. While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》, I am cooking。
〔错误〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana 、orange 、apple and pear.
英文中的印刷体用斜体字表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称,在书写体或打字机打的文本中用字下线表示斜体字;英文常用逗号来代替冒号;而句号是用实心小黑点表示。
故以上两句应改为:
〔修改〕1. While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (印刷体)
〔修改〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana , orange , apple and pear.
(2) 冒号错误。冒号是中英文兼有的标点符号。在汉语中,冒号是表示提示性话语之后的停顿,常用在“说、道、讲、问、唱、回答、喊、吼”等动词的后边,以标明下面的话是谁说的。在英文表达中,“for example”(例如) 一类的词后常用逗点代替冒号。此用法影响下列英文句子标点:
〔错误〕3. I thought to myself :“What kind of trap is she laying ？”
〔错误〕4. He asked :“Where are you from ？”
〔错误〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example : a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
〔修改〕3. I thought to myself ,“What kind of trap is she laying ？”
〔修改〕4. He asked,“Where are you from ？”
〔修改〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example, a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
(3) 破折号错误。汉语中的破折号标明行文中解释说明的部分,而英文同位语也具有同等说明的功能,故英文写作中用破折号连接同位语成份的错误也屡见不鲜。如:
〔错误〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing University.
〔修改〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing University.
在大学英语写作中,
与语法有关的标点错误
(1) 把非限制性定语从句(non -restrictive attributive clause) 理解成限制性定语从句(restrictive attributive clause) 而忽略用逗点。如:
〔错误〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.
从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop 后加逗点,把that 相应改成which
〔修改〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.
(2) 不论状语从句在整个句子中处于何种位置,一概以逗点隔开。
〔错误〕8. We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.
状语从句可置于句首或句末。置于句首时,一般要用标点隔开;而置于句末时,则无需与主句隔开,故 以上句子应改为:
〔修改〕8. If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there. 或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow.
(3) 误把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起联系作用的副词当成并列连词,导致写作中的逗号粘连(comma splice) 错误。
〔错误〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however , she didn’t care for that .
两个完整的句子或两个并列句之间不能一概用逗点点开, 可用句号、分号或在逗点后加并列连词(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet) 等方法修改。
故上例可改为:
〔修改〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right . However , she didn’t care for that .
或 She thought what the teacher pointed out was right ; however , she didn’t care for that .
或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn’t care for that .
(4)
两个并列的形容词间以and 代替逗点。
〔错误〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood
现代英语表达一般在两个形容词中间不使用and , 而是用逗点分隔。
〔修改〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood.
其他错误
引号错误。
As the saying goes ,“No pain , no gain. ”
英文中短小的引语与作者提示“某某说之类的词语之间用逗点隔开,置于引号内。不能省略提示语“某某说之类而直接引用。
〔错误〕14. Glancing through the essay entitled“Why Not More ？ ”, Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.
〔修改〕14. Glancing through the essay entitled“Why Not More ？,”Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.
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9.19 最简语法 【解锁英语标点符号正确用法】（3）连字符、破折号、撇号
9.12 最简语法 【解锁英语标点符号】（2）句号分号冒号如何使用？
9.5 最简语法 【解锁英语标点符号正确用法】（1）逗号Comma如何使用？
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英语标点符号
