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初一上册数词讲解
第 份
| 初中语法讲义数词 年 月 日 |
第4章 数词
表示数目多少或顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词。数词的用法相当于名词或者形容词。
基数词：one一；two二；three三；thirteen十三
序数词：the first第一；the second第二；the third第三；the thirteenth第十三
1.数词的词形
英语中的数词有两种，即基数词和序数词，它们是互相对应的。如下表所示：
| 数 | 基数词 | 序数词 | 数 | 基数词 | 序数词 |
| 1 | one | first | 8 | eight | eighth |
| 2 | two | second | 9 | nine | ninth |
| 3 | three | third | 10 | ten | tenth |
| 4 | four | fourth | 11 | eleven | eleventh |
| 5 | five | fifth | 12 | twelve | twelfth |
| 6 | six | sixth | 13 | thirteen | thirteenth |
| 7 | seven | seventh | 20 | twenty | twentieth |
1.基数词的词形
A.1-12的表示法见上述表格。
B.13-19的基数词，在个位数上加后缀-teen构成，并有两个重音。
| thirteen[ˌθəːˈtiːn] 13 | fifteen[ˌfɪfˈtiːn] 15 |
| eighteen[ˌeɪˈtiːn] 18 | nineteen[ˌnaɪnˈti:n] 19 |
C.20-90各整十位数的基数词都以ty结尾。
| twenty[ˈtwenti] 20 | thirty[ˈθəːti] 30 |
D.在21-99之间的非整十位数的基数词要在十位和个位之间加连字符号“-”。
| twenty-one 21 | forty-five 45 |
E.三位数的基数词要在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and。
| one hundred and fifty-six 156 | two hundred and four 204 |
| eight hundred and ten 810 | |
F.1 000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位数加一个空格；第一个空格前为thousand（千），第二个空格前为million（百万）。
two thousand (and) eight 2 008
thirty-five thousand,four hundred (and) fifty-six 35 456
注意：hundred，thousand，million前若有具体数字，要用单数。泛指时，如果它们后面有of，则要用复数，且前面不能再加具体数目，它们不表示确切数字。
| two thousand两千 | thousands of成千上万 | hundreds of成百上千 |
Several hundreds of children lost their lives in the war.（成百上千名儿童在战争中丧生。）
2.序数词的词形
A.序数词除了first（第一），second（第二），third（第三）外，4-19的序数词都是在基数词后加词尾-th构成，th读作[θ]。注意第五、第八、第九、第十二这几个词。
| fifth第五 | eighth第八 | ninth第九 | twelfth第十二 |
B.20-90各整十位数的序数词是将其相应基数词词尾-ty改写成-tieth。
| twentieth第二十 | thirtieth第三十 | fortieth第四十 |
| fiftieth第五十 | eightieth第八十 | ninetieth第九十 |
C.其他的序数词是将个位数改成序数词，而十、百、千等位上的数仍然用基数词。
| (the) thirty-first第三十一 | (the) forty-second第四十二 | (the) fifty-third第五十三 |
| (the) ninety-ninth第九十九 | (the) one hundred (and) first第一百零一 | |
切记：需要特别记忆的数字
| nine九 | the ninth第九 | nineteen十九 | ninety九十 |
D.序数词在实际应用中经常以缩写形式出现。
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 11th | 21st | 32nd |
| 44th | 63rd | 89th | 101st | 1 000th | 1 002nd |
2.数词的基本用法
数词既有名词性质，又有形容词性质。数词相当于名词时，在句中作主语、表语和宾语。数词相当于形容词时，在句中作定语。基数词还能作同位语。
（1）数词作主语
Thirty of them are Party members.（他们中的30人是党员。）
Do you see those cups on the desk?The second is Mary’s.
（你看到桌子上的那些茶杯了吗？第二个是玛丽的。）
（2）数词作表语
Two times four is eight.（2乘以4等于8。）
He was the fourth to arrive.（他是第四个到的。）
（3）数词作宾语
There are ten footballs and you may borrow three of them.（这儿有10个足球，你可以借3个。）
Please pass me the second.（请递给我第二个。）
（4）数词作定语
The nine boys are from Tianjin.（这九个男孩都来自天津。）
The ninth boy is from Tianjin.（第九个男孩来自天津。）
（序数词前要用定冠词the来修饰）
（5）数词作同位语（只限基数词）
We two will go with you.（我们两个将和你一起去。）
Can you help us three with our maths?（你可以帮我们三个学数学吗？）
3.数词的实际应用
（1）数词表示排列顺序
第一章：Chapter One/the First Chapter
第二节：Section Two/the Second Section
第三课：Lesson Three/the Third Lesson
说明：表示章节的方式
要表示章节的顺序，可以用基数词，也可以用序数词，当然还可以直接用阿拉伯数字表示，如Chapter 1。
第463页：page four six three
第507页：page five o[əʊ]/zero seven
第2564页：page two five six four/twenty-five sixty-four
补充：表示页码的方式
如果页码的数字太长，可以把数字拆开来，一个个用基数词来表示，读时可一个个分开读。
305房间：Room three o/zero five
长安街76号：seventy-six Chang’an Street
11路公共汽车：Bus (No.) eleven/No.11 bus
说明：用No.(number)表示数字时，用基数词。
（2）数词表示年龄
A.表示某人的年龄，一般情况下直接用基数词。
A:How old is your sister?（你妹妹多大了？） B:She is seven.（她7岁了。）
At thirty years old,he had already earned ₤400 000 a year.
（他30岁的时候，已拿到40万英镑的年薪了。）
B.当表示一个人有三十多岁、四十多岁时，要用下列固定短语。
| in one’s thirties在某人三十几岁时 | in one’s forties在某人四十几岁时 |
Our English teacher is in her forties.（我们的英语老师四十多岁。）
（3）数词表示年代、日期和时刻
A.年代是四位数字时，各分成两位来表示。
公元2025年：2025(=twenty twenty-five)
公元2000年：2000(=the year two thousand A.D.)
B.日期通常用序数词来表示。
5月10日：May 10th(=May the tenth)
7月1日：July 1st(=July the first)
12月2日：December 2nd(=December the second)
C.时刻通常用基数词来表示。
9点整：9:00(=nine o’clock)
8点45分：8:45(=eight forty-five)
11点26分：11:26(=eleven twenty-six)
2点2分：2:02(=two two)
重要：past和 to等表示时刻
如果过了半点，用to，反之用past。
| 12点48分（差12分到1点）：twelve to one | 7点12分：twelve past seven |
| 15分钟：a quarter（四分之一） | 半小时：a half（二分之一） |
（4）数词表示电话号码
10086：one double zero eight six
204-2244：two zero four two two four four
2358867：two three five double eight six seven
13120081697：one three one two double zero eight one six nine seven
补充：数字0可以读作[əʊ]或zero。两个相同数字重叠，如22、44，可以读作double two，double four。
（5）数词表示小数、分数和百分数
A.数词表示小数
小数点前的数按照基数词读，小数点读作point。小数点后的词，按照个位基数词顺序读出。
4.96：four point nine six
34.08：thirty-four point zero eight
178.6：one hundred and seventy-eight point six
1 001.54：one thousand and one point five four
B.数词表示分数
分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，读分数时要先读分子然后再读分母。分子超过1，则在分母（序数词）后加s。如果一个分数有整数部分，整数和分数之间要加and。
| 1/4：one-fourth=a quarter | 4/5：four-fifths |
| 2又1/2：two and a half | 7又5/8：seven and five eighths |
C.数词表示百分数
符号%读作percent[pə'sent]。
| 5%：five percent | 100%：a hundred percent |
| 0.36%：zero point three six percent | 126%：one hundred and twenty-six percent |
We have finished eighty percent of it.（我们已完成了80%。）
（6）数词表示数学运算
| 加plus/and | 减minus | 乘以times/multiplied by | 除以divided by |
A:How much is two plus/and two?（2加2等于多少？）
B:Two plus/and two is four.（2加2等于4。）
A:How much is ten minus five?（10减5等于多少？）
B:Ten minus five is equal to five.（10减5等于5。）
A:How much is twenty-five times four?（25乘4等于多少？）
B:Twenty-five times four is equal to one hundred.（25乘4等于100。）
A:How much is one hundred divided by ten?（100除以10等于多少？）
B:One hundred divided by ten is equal to ten.（100除以10等于10。）
重要：“除以”还可以用“over”表达。如上述例句还可以表达如下：
A:How much is one hundred over ten?（100除以10等于多少？）
B:One hundred over ten is equal to ten.（100除以10等于10。）
He has tried once and he wants to try a second time.
=He has tried once and he wants to try again.（他试了一次，他想再试一次。）
说明：a 序数词表示再一次
序数词前有时加不定冠词a表示再一次，相当于again。
（7）数词表示次数
当我们表达“一次”的概念时，用once；“两次”用twice；“三次以上”用“基数词 times”，如：nine times（九次）。
I usually go to see my aunt twice a month.But last month I visited her four times,for she was ill.
（我通常每个月去看望我姑姑两次。但是上个月她生病了，因此我去看望了她四次。）
补充：英语一般用下面的结构表示“每逢”“每隔”的概念：
| every 序数词 单数名词 | every 基数词 复数名词 |
I go to the supermarket every second day.（我每隔一天去一次超市。）
=I go to the supermarket every two days.（我每两天去一次超市。）
We visit our parents every two weeks.（我们每两周看望一次父母。）
Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）
陷阱例题①
Now children,turn to page __________ and look at the __________ picture in Lesson Two.【上海中考】
| A.twentieth;one | B.twenty;one | C.twentieth;first | D.twenty;first |
句意提示：同学们，现在请翻到第20页，看第二课的第一幅画。
陷阱追击：本题考查基数词和序数词的用法。在数词的表示中，基数词和序数词很容易误用。本题容易误选B。
正确解析：数字在前用序数词，数字在后用基数词。如本题的page twenty（第20页），the first picture（第一幅画）。正确答案为D。
陷阱例题②
The doctor worked for __________ after twelve o’clock.【河北中考】
| A.two more hours | B.two another hour | C.more two hours | D.another two hour |
句意提示：12点钟以后医生又工作了2个小时。
陷阱追击：another修饰数词时，要放在数词前。如果不了解another与more的位置，会误选B或C。D项中的hour应该用复数。
正确解析：more修饰数词时，要放在数词之后。正确答案为A。
陷阱例题③
Our summer holiday is coming.Two __________ the students in our school will go the beach.【重庆中考】
| A.hundred | B.hundreds | C.hundred of | D.hundreds of |
句意提示：暑假快到了，我们学校的200个学生将去海滩。
陷阱追击：本题考查数词作主语的用法。hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万）等表示确定数目“……百”“……千”“……百万”时不用复数形式。容易误选D。
正确解析：200个学生是确定数目，hundred不加s。正确答案为C。
陷阱例题④
If you go out at night,you’ll be able to see __________ stars.【福州中考】
| A.thousand of | B.thousands of | C.thousand | D.thousands |
句意提示：如果你晚上出去，就能够看到成千上万颗星星。
陷阱追击：本题考查thousand表示不确切数目时的用法。容易误选A。
正确解析：“hundreds/thousands/millions of 复数名词”表示“数以百/千/百万计的（成千上万的）……”。正确答案为B。
Final Check（实力测验）
1.选择填空
1.A:What’s five and eight? B:__________.
| A.Twelve | B.Thirteen | C.Fourteen | D.Fifteen |
2.Is that girl __________?
| A.in grade four | B.in Four Grade | C.in Grade Four | D.in four grade |
3.A:How old is your father? B:He is __________.
| A.fourty-one | B.fourty first | C.forty-one | D.forty first |
4.What __________ is Li Lei in?He is in __________.
| A.Row;row five | B.Row;Row Five | C.row;Row Five | D.row;row Five |
5.She went down to the village which was __________ miles away from her house.
| A.three hundred | B.several hundreds | C.three hundreds | D.three hundreds of |
6.The teacher asked us to write a __________ in one hour.
| A.two-hundred-word composition | B.two hundred words composition |
| C.two hundreds words composition | D.two hundreds of words composition |
2.汉译英
| 1.一个半小时___________________________ | 2.在三楼_______________________________ |
| 3.一个五个月大的婴儿___________________ | 4.210房间_____________________________ |
| 5.第22路公共汽车______________________ | 6.一篇500字的作文_____________________ |
【课后作业】
1.______ of the students in our class _______ from the country.
A. Three fifth, is
B. Three fifths, are
C. Third fives, are
D. Three five, is
2. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month
C. two month’s
D. two-months
3. Shakespeare was born in .
A.1660s
B.1660's
C.the 1660
D.the 1660s
4. Although I have failed four times, my father encouraged me to have______ try.
A.a fifth
B.a five
C.the five
D.the fifth
5. Please turn to the______page (twenty-four) and read Lesson _______. (twelfth)
6.This is my_________ time to see the interesting film on detectives. (two)
7. We shall have a holiday after the final exam.
A. three weeks
B. three-week
C. three week’s
D. three –weeks
8. of the surface of the earth covered with water.
A. Seven-tens...are
B. Seven-tens. Is
C. Seven-tenths...is
D. Seven-tenth...are
9. At the end of the first half we were winning____________.
A.two first
B.two from one C.two to one
D.second to first
10. Our bags are too heavy to carry. There are _______books in each of them.
A.two tens
B.tens of
C.a ten
D.a-ten
11. What will my lovely son be like______?
A. in twenty year time
B. in twenty years time
C. in twenty years’ time
D. in twenty year’s time
12.__________ of the new students should go to Room 411 to take the entrance examination.
A. Two hundreds B. Hundreds
C. Two hundred
D. Hundred
13. People send text messages to greet each other New Year’s Eve.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. of
14. Sally always talks about her homework with her friend ________ the phone.
A. of
B. in
C. at
D. on
15. We were asked to check the answers _______ discussing with each other.
A. by
B. in
C. of
D. with
16.__________ of the coats__________ made of cotton. They feel comfortable.
A. Two-thirds; is
B. Two-thirds; are
C. Two-third; is
D. Two –third; are
17. –Can I help you?
-- Yes, I’d like _______for my twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes
B. two pair of shoe
C. two pairs of shoes
D. two pairs of shoe
18. We’ll have a holiday. What about going to the West Lake?
A. two days
B. two-day
C. two-days
D. two-days’
19. I've asked her twice. Shall I ask her_________?
A. a third time
B. three times
C. third time
D. the third time
20. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam。
A. two month B. two-month
C. two month’s
D. two-months
21. After a three-day heavy rain, the lake rose ________.
A. two feet and a half
B. two and a half feet
C. two and half feet
D. two foot and a half
22. The one-year-old boy is smart and he is able to count up to the ________ number.
A.hundred
B. hundreds C. hundredth
D. hundreds of
23. After ________ talk, they decided to buy a new flat with a large sitting-room.
A. two hour
B. two hours’
C. two-hours
D. two hours
24. Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her ______ birthday.
A. sixteen
B. sixteen’s
C. sixteenth
D. sixteenths
25. More than 70 _____ people come to visit the museum every day.
A. hundreds of
B. hundreds of
C. hundreds
D. hundred
26. My brother has promised to give _____ his stamps to me, and I am very excited now.
A. one hundred
B. one hundred of
C. hundreds
D. hundreds of
27. There are about ________ students in our school.
A. two thousand of
B. two thousands
C. two thousands of
D. two thousand
28. I was told they would stay in China for ________.
A. one and a half years
B. one and a half year
C. one and half years
D. one half and one year
29. In a leap year, there are ________ days in February.
A.twenty nine
B.twenty-ninth
C.twenty-nine
D.twenty-eight
30. The newly-built bridge is about ________ wide.
fifteen metres
fifteen metres’
fifteen-metre
fifteen metre
31.______ of the students in our class _______ from the country.
A.Three fifth, is
B. Three fifths, are
C. Third fives, are
D. Three five, is
32. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month
C. two month’s
D. two-months
33. It took me_______to find out the key to the drawer.
A.one and half hours B.one and a half hours
C.one and a half hour
D.one hour and half
34. The train from Shanghai will arrive_______.
A.in quarter past six
B.in a quarter past six
C.at quarter past six D.at a quarter past six
35. Almost ____of the apple ______gone bad.
A.three-fourths, has
B.three-four, has
C.three-fourths, have
D.three-fourth, have
36. Both of the rulers are broken. I want to buy a ______ one.
A. three
B. third
C. fourth
D. /
37. ---How many teachers are there in your school?
--- __________ , but I'm not sure.
A.Hundreds
B. Hundred
C. Hundreds of
D. One hundred
38. The CN Tower in Canada is________.
A.five hundred and fifty-three point thirty-three meters high
B.five hundred and fifty-three point thirty-three meters in height.
C.five hundred and fifty-three point three three meters in height. D.five hundred fifty-three point three three meters high.
39. It was a great honour for Tu Yoyo to win the Nobel Prize for medicine in her .
A. eighties
B. eighty
C. eightieth
D. eightieths
40. Please write down the new words in the text of_______.
A.Lesson Eleven
B.the Lesson Eleven
C.Lesson Eleventh
D.Eleventh Lesson
41. —How deep is the well?
—It’s ________.
A．four meter deep
B．ten meters deep
C．ten-meter deep
D．ten-meters-deep
42.______ of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.
A. Seven-tens; are
B. Seven-tens; is
C. Seven-tenth.; is
D. Seven-tenth; are
43.______ people have to stay at the station because the train services were stopped suddenly.
A. Hundred
B. Hundreds
C. Hundred of
D. Hundreds of
44. He served in the army in when he was in .
A.1940’s; his twenties
B. 1940’s; the twenties
C. the 1940s; his twenties
D. the 1940’s, the twenties
45. Our summer holiday is coming. Two the students in our school will go to the beach.
A. hundred
B. hundreds
C. hundred of
D. hundreds of
46. The island country has______ history.★★
A .a fifty years
B .fifty years
C .a fifty-year
D. fifty-year
47. —Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here？
—No，it's about _______.
A. 7 minutes walk
B. 7 minute walk
C. 7 minutes' walk
D. 7 minute's walk
48. Our classroom building is _____ tall.
A.ten and a half meter
B.ten and half meters
C.ten meters and a half
D.ten meter and a half
49. My uncle served in the army in the 1950s when he was in his__________.
A. twenty
B. twenty-two
C. twenties
D. twentieth
50. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is about________.
A. 320-meter-tall
B. 320-meter tall
C. 320 meter tail D. 320 meters tall
51. ______ the students have been to there for further study.
A.Two hundred
B.Hundreds of
C.Two hundred of
D.Hundred of
52. He will take part in a _______ race next week.
A. two-hundred metre
B. two hundred metres
C. two-hundred-metre
D. two-hundred- metres
