210个雅思阅读高频词（上）贾清池行书横披：志博云天，我来为大家科普一下关于星火英语四级必背单词pdf?下面希望有你要的答案，我们一起来看看吧!
星火英语四级必背单词pdf
210个雅思阅读高频词（上）
贾清池行书横披：志博云天
1.undertake v.承担、保证
The more activities that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be.
游客参与的活动越多，他们就会对旅行越满意。
－剑13T1P1
2.individualism n.个人主义，个人特征
One reason, conscious or not, for what someone chooses to collect is to show the collector's individualism.
无论人们意识到与否，一些人选择收藏的一个原因是展示他们的个性。
剑12T5P2
3.intricacy n.错综，复杂
In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the University of Liverpool analyzed the visual intricacy of different pieces of art, and her results suggest that many artists use a key level of detail to please the brain.
在另一个实验中，来自利物浦大学的Alex Forsythe分析了不同艺术作品的视觉复杂性，她的结果表明很多艺术家用关键层次的细节来愉悦大脑。
－剑11T2P3
4.dedication n.奉献
There is a sense among both government officials and residents that the speed, dedication, and coordination of firefighters from several states and jurisdictions are resulting in greater efficiency than in past 'siege fire' situations.
在政府和居民中有一种感觉，即跟过去应对特大火灾的情形相比，来自几个州和地区的消防员的速度、奉献和合作带来了更高的效率。
－剑10T4P1
5.clamour v.强烈要求
The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamored for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.
这种染料颜色鲜明、不易褪色，人们强烈要求更多。Perkin于是重新开始绘制新的颜色。
－剑9T1P1
6.nurture or trigger培养或触发
We may disagree with the 'general', for we doubt if all musicians of genius could have become scientists of genius or vice versa, but there is no doubting the accidental determination which nurtured or triggered their gifts into those channels into which they have poured their powers so successfully.
我们或许不同意“综合的”这一说法，因为我们怀疑是否所有的天才音乐家都能变成天才科学家，或者反之亦然，但是毋庸置疑的是正是偶然的决心培养或触发了他们的天赋，给了它们用武之地，让天才可以成功地把自己的能力发挥出来。
－剑8T3P2
7.typical adj.典型的
It could be argued that New Zealand is not a typical destination.
可能人们会争论新西兰并不是一个典型的旅游目的地。
－剑13T1P1
8.passion n.热情
Of course, all hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion: pleasure is putting it far too mildly.
当然，所有的兴趣都能带来乐趣，但是收藏的一个共同因素通常是热情：说成是乐趣有点太客气了。
剑12T5P2
9.intriguing adj.有趣的，迷人的
It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process movement when we see a handwritten letter, as if we are replaying the writer's moment of creation.
同样有趣的是当我们在看一封手写的信的时候，大脑好像会对动作进行处理，就好像我们在重现作者的创作时刻。
－剑11T2P3
10.procurement n.采购，获得
In recent years, the Southern California region has improved building codes, evacuation procedures, and procurement of new technology.
近几年，南加利福尼亚地区已经在建筑规范，疏散程序和采购新技术上有所提高。
－剑10T4P1
蒋光明行书横披：德艺双馨
11.vital adj.至关重要的
The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways.
染料在医学研究的一些方面也变得至关重要。
－剑9T1P1
12.outstrip v.超过
This does not minimize the supremacy of their achievements, which outstrip our own as the sub-four-minute milers outstrip our jogging.
这些并没有把他们的成就的至高无上地位降低到极限，他们的成就远远地超过了我们，就像那些分钟内跑完一英里的运动员之于慢跑者一样。
－剑8T3P2
13.reliable adj.可靠的
It is generally perceived as a safe English-speaking country with a reliable transport infrastructure.-
人们普遍认为新西兰是一个安全的、讲英语的国家，而且交通基础设施也很可靠。
－剑13T1P1
14.engrossing adj.引人入胜的
More than most other hobbies, collecting can be totally engrossing, and can give a strong sense of personal fulfillment.
跟其他大多数的爱好相比，收藏可以使人完全投入，而且可以让人们有一种强烈的个人满足感。
－剑12T5P2
15.longevity n.长寿
It might even be the case that we could use neuro-aesthetic studies to understand the longevity of some pieces of artwork.
或许我们可以用神经美学研究来理解一些艺术作品的经久不衰。
－剑11T2P3
16.notwithstanding adv.尽管
＇Notwithstanding all the damage that will continue to be caused by wildfires, we will no longer suffer the loss of life endured in the past because of the fire prevention and firefighting measures that have been put in place,' he says.
他表示：“尽管森林火灾造成的损失还将持续，但是我们不会再像过去一样承受着失去生命的危险，因为火灾预防和消防措施都已经到位。”
剑10T4P1
17.invisible adj.无形的，看不见的
For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.
比如，用合成染料提前给那些看不见的微生物和细菌上色，让研究人员能够辨别像肺结核、霍乱和炭疽之类的病菌。
一剑9T1P1
18.marvel at 惊讶于
What we appreciate, enjoy or marvel at in the works of genius or the achievements of prodigies are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are similar to, but so much superior to, our own.
我们之所以欣赏、享受或惊讶于天才的作品或神童的成就，是在于它们体现的技术或能力，这些技术和能力虽然跟我们的相似，但是远远高于我们的水平。
－剑8T3P2
19.underlying adj.潜在的，根本的
However, the underlying lessons apply anywhere- the effectiveness of a strong brand, a strategy based on unique experiences and a comprehensive and user-friendly website.
然而，新西兰旅游业成功的潜在经验可以应用到任何地方一一个强大品牌效应，基于独特经历的策略和一个全面而用户友好型网站。
剑13T1P1
蒋光明行书横披：德艺双馨
20.eccentric adj.古怪的，反常的
To non-collectors it may appear an eccentric, if harmless, way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it.
对于非收藏家来说，收藏看起来虽然无害，但是也是一个古怪的消磨时间的方式，但是其实收藏很有潜在价值。
－剑12T5P2
21.underestimate v.低估
We shouldn't underestimate the importance of the style of a particular artist, their place in history and the artistic environment of their time.
我们不应该低估某一类特定艺术家的风格、历史地位及其所处时代的艺术环境的重要性。
剑11T2P3
22.scorch v.烧焦
That said, many experts give California high marks for making progress on preparedness in recent years, after some of the largest fires in state history scorched thousands of acres, burned thousands of homes, and killed numerous people.
据称，有史以来加利福尼亚州最大的几场火烧焦了成千上万英亩的土地，烧毁了数以千计的房屋，烧死了很多居民之后，加利福尼亚州在近几年的消防准备工作中取得了进步，因此很多专家给予了很高的评价。
－剑10T4P1
23.vaccine n.疫苗
And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.
让Perkin尤为欣慰的是，合成染料现在被用于研究应对疟疾的疫苗。
－剑9T1P1
24.emulate v.模仿，尽力赶上
But before we try to emulate geniuses or encourage our children to do so we should note that some of the things we learn from them may prove unpalatable.
但是我们试图效仿天才或者鼓励孩子这么做的时候，应该注意到从他们身上学到的一些东西可能会令人不快。
剑8T3P2
25. interactive adj.互动的
It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life.
同时还发现，游客最喜欢那些他们可以互动的文化活动，例如参观毛利会堂来了解传统的毛利人的生活。
－剑13T1P1
26.insecurity n.不安全
Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobby, though, so what we might call a psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control, perhaps as a way of dealing with insecurity.
然而不是所有的收藏者都有兴趣从收藏中学习，因此我们或许可以把这种收藏行为的心理原因当作对控制感的需求，这或许也是应对不安全感的一种方式。
－剑12T5P2
27.decode v.破译，理解
In some ways, it's not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.
在某种程度上，艺术与科学如此不同，在科学领域我们不断寻找体系并且破译其含义，以便我们能用全新的方式看待和欣赏这个世界。
－剑11T2P3
28.erratically adv.不定地，不规律地
The wildfires themselves, experts say, are generally hotter, faster, and spread more erratically than in the past.
专家表示森林大火本身一般比过去高温更高，蔓延得更快，扩散得更不规律。
剑10T4P1
29.artificial adj.人工的
Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today.
人工合成染料如今仍然发挥着至关重要的作用。
剑9T1P1
30.mundane adj.平凡的
Genius is a term we apply to those whom we recognize for their outstanding achievements and who stand near the end of the continuum of human abilities which reaches back through the mundane and mediocre to the incapable.
我们用天才来形容那些因为出色的成就而受到我们认可的人，那些几乎站在人类能力连续体顶端的人，而排在他们之后则是平凡的人、中庸的人和无能的人。
－剑8T3P2
雷甲宝行书横批：梅骨兰香
31.depict v.描述
One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky.
其原创作品之一是一系列模糊的风景，描绘了树和天空。
剑13T1P2
32.approach v.处理，接近
There are endless ways I could have approached this assignment, but I took my cue from the title of the course: 'Principles of Marketing'.
我有无数种方式可以完成这份任务，但是我从课程标题“市场营销原理”中寻找切入点。
－剑12T5P3
33.protrude v.伸出，突出
Deane dived down, and found the equipment caught on a timber protruding slightly from the seabed.
Deane潜入水底，发现设备被一块稍微从海底突出的木材卡住了。
剑11T2P1
34. exception n.例外
Yet almost since the idea took root, exceptions have been cropping up.
然而几乎从这个想法刚产生之初，就已经有特例突然出现了。
－剑10T4P3
35.descend v.下降，下来
There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs.
有证据表明所有现代海龟的祖先是一种陆地生物，比大多数恐龙在陆地上出现的时间更早。
剑9T1P3
36. dynamic equilibrium动态平衡
Destruction of old material and formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium.
旧物质的毁坏和新物质的形成因此处于一种永恒的动态平衡状态。
－剑8T3P3
37.glitch n.失灵，小故障
Some of the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch.
由于机械故障，一些“绘画愚人”画的椅子变成了黑白色的。
－剑13T1P2
38.downright adv.完全地，彻底地
I made the suggestion, which may sound downright crazy in light of the evidence, that perhaps marketing is by definition principled.
我提议市场营销或许只是定义上有原则的，这个提议可能在证据面前听起来是完全疯狂的。
－剑12T5P3
39.intermittently adv.间歇地
Deane continued diving on the site intermittently until 1840, recovering several more guns, two bows, various timbers, part of a pump and various other small finds.
直到1840年Deane都在断断续续地继续潜入这个地方，他发现了更多的枪、两把弓箭、各种各样的木材、一台水泵的一部分以及各种其他小的发现。
－剑11T2P1
40.reappear v.重现
And this poses a puzzle: how can characteristics that disappeared millions of years ago suddenly reappear?
而且这带来了一个迷惑：消失了数千万年的特征如何突然重新出现的呢？
剑10T4P3-
李照平小楷：苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》
41.fragment n.片，部分
You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found.
你可能会怀疑我们如何分辨化石动物是生活在陆地还是水里的，尤其是当我们只找到碎片的时候。
－剑9T1P3
42.substance n.物质
Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.
因此我们的身体持续不断地更替新旧物质，就像温泉一样或多或少地保持着自身的形态和动作，但是其中的水分子却往往是不同的。
剑8T3P3
43.laud v.赞美
Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their colour palette-so why should computers be any different?
一些像著名的Ellsworth Kelly一样的人类艺术家因为他们对调色板上颜色的克制运用而受到称赞，那么为什么在电脑身上就应当有所不同呢？
－剑13T1P2
44.consist of 由．．．组成
My inspiration for this judgement is the philosopher Immanuel Kant, who argued that any body of knowledge consists of an end (or purpose) and a means.
我做出这个判断的灵感来自哲学家Immanuel Kant,他认为任何知识体都是由结果（目的）和手段组成的。
－剑12T5P3
45.obscurity n.默默无名，阴暗
The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity for another hundred years.
玛丽玫瑰号随后又销声匿迹了几百年。
－剑11T2P1
46.likelihood n.可能性
Raff's team went on to calculate the likelihood of it happening.
Raff的团队继续计算逆转发生的可能性。
－剑10T4P3
47.contemporaryn.同龄人，同辈
Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies.
鱼龙是和恐龙同一时代的爬行动物，它们有鱼鳍和流线型身体。
－剑9T1P3
48.inevitable adj.不可避免的
Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair.
因此我们不能认为老化和死亡是不可避免的，尤其是当生命体拥有很多修复机制的时候。
－剑8T3P3
49.genuine adj.真实的，真正的
Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach.
听众感动到落泪，EMI甚至骗过了古典音乐专家的耳朵，让他们以为他们听到的是真正的巴赫作品。
剑13T1P2
50.capture v.抓住
My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant's, is that neither of these attitudes captures the significance of the end to the means for marketing.
我的提议是两种态度都不能抓住结果对于营销手段的意义，我相信Kant也是这么认为的。
剑12T5P3
刘京闻老师最新书房联 万法皆空明佛性 一尘不染是禅心
51.in conjunction with连同
But in 1965, military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called 'Solent Ships'.
然而，1965年，军事史学家和业余潜水员Alexander McKee协同英国潜水俱乐部一起发起了一个叫做“索伦特海峡船只”的计划。
－剑11T2P1
52.render v.致使
Silent genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless.
他们推断休眠基因随机突变的增加最终会导致他们失去作用。
－剑10T4P3
53.triangular adj.三角形的
They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another.
他们使用了一种三角形的坐标纸分别标记三方面的测量。
－－剑9T1P3
54.optimal adj.最优的，最佳的
Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.
因为基因物质上的变化（基因突变），这些新品种有新的特点，而且在其个体生命过程中，这些新特点经过测验均为最佳的或者更适应环境条件的。
－剑8T3P3
55.blast v.猛攻
Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope's work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked.
一些人比如Wiggins抨击Cope的创造是伪科学，并且谴责他故意模糊地解释软件是如何工作的。
剑13T1P2-
56.scrutiny n.详细审查
A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end; hence both deserve scrutiny.
一个知识领域或者一项专业的实验尝试应该由手段和结果两者定义，因此手段和结果都值得仔细审查。
－剑12T5P3
57.stray adj.丢失的，杂散的
Further excavations revealed stray pieces of timber and an iron gun.
进一步的发掘工作找到了一些散落的木材碎片和一把铁枪。
－剑11T2P1
58.juvenile adj.青少年的
Like most amphibians these begin life in a juvenile “tadpole' state, then metamorphose into the adult form-except for one specie.
像大多的两栖动物一样，它们从幼小的“蝌蚪”状态开始他们的生命，然后变形到成年形态，除了一个物种。
－剑10T4P3
59.overlap n.重叠
There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land.
数据没有重叠，除了当他们把一些水陆两栖的物种加进去的时候。
－剑9T1P3
60.parameter n.参数
There are striking differences in life span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant.
不同物种的寿命有着惊人的差距，但是参数在同一类物种间是相对恒定的。
剑8T3P3
61.outrage v.愤怒
When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him.
当听众发现真相的时候，他们都对Cope感到非常愤怒，一位音乐爱好者甚至试图打他。
剑13T1P2-
62.articulate v.明确有力的表达，说清楚
When I ask fire science students to articulate the end, or purpose, of their field, they eventually generalize to something like, 'The safety and welfare of society,' which seems right.
当我让消防科学的学生表达清楚他们所学的领域的结果或目的，他们最终概括成一句话“社会的安全和福利”，这种说法看起来是对的。
－剑12T5P3
63.artefact n.手工制品
McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had found the wreck, but were as yet unaware that it also housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artefacts.
McKee和他的团队现在可以肯定他们已经找到了残骸，但是他们尚未意识到其中还有保存精美的手工制品宝库。
－剑11T2P1
64.intriguing adj.有趣的，迷人的
Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated.
另一个更让人感兴趣的可能性是那些用来生长脚指头的基因信息在蜥蜴上存活了有上千万年或者可能数亿年，并且这些基因信息得到了激活。
－剑10T4P3
65.aquatic adj.水栖的
Today's land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles.
现在的陆栖乌龟形成了一个单独的分支，深深嵌入水栖海龟的分支中。
剑9T1P3
66.inverted adj.倒转的，反向的
In comparison to the life span this relationship is 'inverted': the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate.
和寿命相比，这种关系是反向的：生物个体越大，其新陈代谢率速度越低。
剑8T3P3
67.recoil v.畏缩
But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when they discovered how it was composed?
但是为什么很多人喜欢音乐，而发现了音乐是怎么创作的之后却退缩了呢？
－剑13T1P2
68. destructive adj.毁灭性的
As we have seen, someone could use the very same knowledge of means to achieve a much less noble end, such as personal profit via destructive, dangerous, reckless activity.
正如我们所看到的，一些人可以用相同的手段方面的知识去达成一个见不得人的目的，比如通过毁灭性的、危险的、鲁莽的行为去获取私人利益。
－剑12T2P1
刘子玉作品 清净
69.salvage v.打捞
The decision whether or not to salvage the wreck was not an easy one, although an excavation in 1978 had shown that it might be possible to raise the hull.
尽管1987年的发掘工作已经表明可以打捞整个船体，但是做出关于是否打捞残骸的决定并非易事。
剑11T4P3
70.trait n.特点，特性
But if silent genes degrade within 6 to 10 million years, how can long-lost traits be reactivated over longer timescales?
但是如果休眠基因在600万到1000万年之内退化，那么那些消失已久的特性是怎么在更长的时间范围内被重新激活的呢？
－剑10T4P3
